Hammer Toes

What is hammertoe?

Hammertoe is a toe deformity in which the middle joint bends downward, resembling a hammer. It usually affects the second, third, or fourth toes, and can be flexible at first but may become rigid over time.

What causes hammertoe?

Hammertoe develops due to muscle imbalance, poorly fitting shoes, arthritis, diabetes, toe injuries, or genetic foot structure. High heels and pointy shoes often worsen the condition.

What symptoms indicate hammertoe?

Symptoms include a bent or curled toe, corns or calluses, pain when wearing shoes, swelling or redness, and limited toe movement.

How is hammertoe treated?

Conservative treatments for flexible hammertoe include orthotics, padding, footwear adjustments, toe exercises, and protective cushions. Surgical options are considered for rigid toes, including tendon transfer, joint removal, pin stabilization, or joint replacement.

Can hammertoe be prevented?

Wearing proper footwear, avoiding high heels or narrow shoes, stretching your toes, and using orthotics can help prevent hammertoe from developing or worsening.

When should I see a podiatrist?

See a podiatrist if the toe is painful, corns or calluses form, walking becomes uncomfortable, or conservative care does not relieve symptoms. Early evaluation can prevent progression.

Is hammertoe hereditary?

Yes. Foot structure and genetics can predispose some people to hammertoe, particularly if they have naturally high arches or long toes.

Can hammertoe get worse over time?

Yes. Without treatment, hammertoe may progress from a flexible to a rigid deformity, increasing discomfort and making conservative treatments less effective.

What are the risks of hammertoe surgery?

As with any surgery, risks include infection, nerve damage, stiffness, recurrence, or prolonged healing. Dr. Levi carefully evaluates each case to minimize complications and ensure optimal outcomes.